st
ラテン語 Latin立つ、立てる、置く
この語根について
ラテン語の stāre「立つ」と sistere「立たせる」から来ており、sist- や stat- という形もあります。ラテン語の中でも最も基本的な語根の一つで、しっかり立つこと(resist:抵抗する、consistent:一貫した)、立つのを助けること(assist:手伝う)、組織立って立つこと(system:体系、systematize:体系化する)の根底にあります。複合語は接頭辞によって作られ、反対して(resist)、そばに(assist)、一緒に(consistent)となります。
Every st-/sist-/stat- word hides a person standing. Picture where they stand: resist = stand against, consist = stand together, assist = stand beside to help, exist = stand out into being, status = the position you stand in.
代表的な単語を詳しく
同じ語根を持つ単語の中から、特に語る価値のある数語を選び、その成り立ちを一つずつひもときます。
existThe most philosophical member.
The most philosophical member. ex- (out) + sistere (to stand) = 'to stand out.' To exist is literally to stand out from nothingness into being. That's why 'Does God exist?' feels heavier than 'Is God there?' — exist asks whether something has stood out into reality at all.
exist を見るresistre- (back, against) + sistere (to make a stand) = 'to stand against.' Picture planting your feet and refusing to be pushed: that single image covers resisting temptation, resisting arrest, and a material resisting heat.
re- (back, against) + sistere (to make a stand) = 'to stand against.' Picture planting your feet and refusing to be pushed: that single image covers resisting temptation, resisting arrest, and a material resisting heat. The noun resistance keeps the picture — a force pushing back.
resist を見るconstitutecon- (together) + statuere (to set up) = 'to set up together.' What constitutes a thing is what is 'set up together' to make it.
con- (together) + statuere (to set up) = 'to set up together.' What constitutes a thing is what is 'set up together' to make it. From this one verb come constitution (the founding set-up of a nation) and constituent (each part set up to form the whole, and each voter who sets up the government).
constitute を見るsystemFrom Greek syn- (together) + histēmi (to stand) = 'a standing-together,' a set of parts set up to stand as one whole.
From Greek syn- (together) + histēmi (to stand) = 'a standing-together,' a set of parts set up to stand as one whole. This is the Greek cousin of the Latin st- words: a system is many pieces made to stand together and work as one.
system を見るcircumstancecircum- (around) + stāre (to stand) = 'the things standing around.' Your circumstances are not the event itself but the conditions standing in a ring around it, pressing on it.
circum- (around) + stāre (to stand) = 'the things standing around.' Your circumstances are not the event itself but the conditions standing in a ring around it, pressing on it. Hence 'under the circumstances': you are surrounded by those standing conditions.
circumstance を見る関連する語根
st (from stāre) is 'to stand'; sed/sid (from sedēre) is 'to sit.' They are the two basic postures and often pair up as opposites: a constant (standing firm) vs a resident (one who sits/settles). Standing → st; sitting/settling → sed.
Looks close to st- but is unrelated. stinct (instinct, distinct, extinct) comes from Latin stinguere 'to prick / put out,' not from stāre 'to stand.' If the meaning is about standing/position → st; if it's about a sharp prick or being snuffed out → stinct.
The Greek branch of the same Indo-European root *steh₂-. Greek histēmi 'to stand' gave English system, static, and ecstasy. Same ancestor as Latin stāre, different language path.
関連する単語 · 376
still
まだ、今でも;それでも;静止した、静かな
state
述べる;状態;国家、州
system
制度、体系;システム
stand
立つ;立場;台、売店
understand
理解する、わかる
stay
滞在する、とどまる;滞在
cost
費用、代価;(費用が)かかる
rest
休息、休み;残り;休む
store
店;蓄え;蓄える、保管する
standard
基準、水準;標準の、普通の
stage
段階;舞台;上演する、開催する
station
駅;署、局、基地
establish
設立する;確立する;立証する
statement
声明、陳述;明細書、報告書
institution
機関、施設;制度、慣習
exist
存在する;生存する
restaurant
レストラン、料理店
distance
距離;隔たり;遠ざける
presence
存在;出席;風格、存在感
insist
強く求める;言い張る、主張する
contrast
対照、差異;対比する、対照をなす
estate
地所;不動産;財産
circumstance
事情、状況;境遇
assistance
援助、支援