verbal
Definitions
Spoken rather than written; oral.
口头的，言语的（而非书面的）
Relating to or expressed in words.
用词语表达的，词语的
Relating to verbs (grammar).
动词的（语法）
Root Breakdown
Root-derivedverb (word) + -al (relating to) = 'of words.' Because so much of using words happens out loud, verbal drifted from the plain 'made of words' toward 'spoken, oral' — a verbal agreement lives only in spoken words, not on paper.
Root verb still carries 7 more wordsUsage Guide
- Spoken vs written (most common): a verbal agreement / verbal warning — said aloud, not documented. This is what 'verbal' usually means in everyday English.
- About words in general (formal): verbal ability, verbal skills — your facility with language.
- Grammar (technical): a verbal noun (e.g. swimming) — derived from a verb.
Note: 'verbal' often pairs with or contrasts 'written' — 'verbal or written consent.'
Example Sentences
- 1.
They had a verbal agreement, but nothing was put in writing.
- 2.
The job requires strong verbal and written communication skills.
- 3.
She gave only a brief verbal warning before the test.
Easily Confused
verbal vs oral — Both can mean 'spoken,' but oral only means by mouth (oral exam, oral tradition). Verbal also means 'in words' generally, which is why 'verbal communication' can ambiguously include writing. When you specifically mean 'spoken, not written,' oral is the precise word; verbal is the everyday one.