hypothesis
释义
A proposed explanation made on limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation.
假设;假说(基于有限证据提出、有待检验的解释)
A supposition or assumption made for the sake of argument.
(为论证而做的)假定
词根拆分
词根派生hypo-(下面)+ thesis(放置)= 放在下面当地基的东西。hypothesis 是你塞到研究底下起支撑作用的想法——一个用来搭建推理的暂定假设,而非已证实的事实。证据撑得住它就成立,撑不住就被弃用。
词根 thes 还连着 8 个词使用指南
复数不规则:hypotheses(/-siːz/)。常见动词搭配:form/propose/test/support/confirm/reject a hypothesis。working hypothesis = 暂定用来指导研究的工作假设。注意与 theory 区分:科学上 theory 是经充分检验的解释,hypothesis 是未经检验的起始猜想。
例句
- 1.
Scientists tested the hypothesis that the drug slows memory loss.
科学家检验了该药物能减缓记忆衰退这一假设。
- 2.
The data supported our original hypothesis.
数据支持了我们最初的假设。
- 3.
Let's start from the hypothesis that the leak began in the basement.
我们先从泄漏起于地下室这一假设出发。
- 4.
If the experiment fails, we'll have to reject the hypothesis.
如果实验失败,我们就得否定这个假设。
易混词辨析
hypothesis vs theory —— hypothesis 是未检验的猜想,theory(科学语境)是有大量证据支持的解释,别把 theory 贬低成「只是猜想」。hypothesis vs assumption —— assumption 是不加检验就默认成立的前提,hypothesis 则是专门拿来检验的。