inoculate
释义
To introduce a vaccine or pathogen into a person or animal to produce immunity to a disease
给…接种(疫苗);使免疫
To instil an attitude, idea, or feeling into someone's mind
灌输(思想、态度等)
To introduce microorganisms into a culture medium (in lab work)
(在培养基中)接种微生物
词根拆分
词根派生in-(进入)+ ocul(这里 oculus = 植物的「眼」,即芽)+ -ate(动词后缀)=「把芽嫁接进去」。这个词起源于园艺:把芽嫁接进枝条让它生长。医生借用了这个画面——把一点点病原植入人体以建立免疫,就像把芽嫁接进枝条。于是有了「接种」,比喻义则是把思想「植入」某人。
词根 ocul 还连着 4 个词为什么是这个意思
意外之处在词根:这里的 oculus 不是人眼,而是植物的「眼」——芽。文艺复兴的园丁通过把芽嫁接进树里来 inoculate 一棵树。医生随后借走这个词指植入病原以建立免疫,再由此引申为给某人 inoculate(灌输)信念。画面始终一样:把一个小东西植入活体,让它扎根。
使用指南
- inoculate someone against X:所防的疾病(inoculate children against polio)。
- inoculate someone with X:所用的物质,或比喻中被灌输的思想(with a vaccine / with skepticism)。
注意拼写:只有一个 n(两个 n 的是无关词 innocuous)。常见拼错为 innoculate——是错的。
例句
- 1.
Health workers traveled to remote villages to inoculate children against measles.
卫生工作者前往偏远村庄给儿童接种麻疹疫苗。
- 2.
Millions were inoculated before the flu season began.
在流感季开始前,数百万人接受了接种。
- 3.
His grandmother had inoculated him with a deep distrust of politicians.
他祖母给他灌输了对政客的深深不信任。
- 4.
In the lab, we inoculate the broth with a single bacterial colony.
在实验室里,我们用单个菌落接种培养液。