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  3. /rud

rud

Latin

Variants

rudcrudcruelrawrurrust

Related Roots

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About This Root

From Latin rudis (rough, raw, unformed, unwrought). Spans a wide range from raw beginnings to lack of refinement: rude, crude, rudiment (first rough attempt), rudimentary. The standout is erudite — literally 'un-rough,' meaning polished through learning. Rural, rustic, and raw are Germanic and Latin cognates sharing the same Proto-Indo-European origin.

Associated Words

brute

A savage animal or cruel person; lacking reason or intelligence

GREC2

crude

Unprocessed or raw; roughly made; rude or offensive

IELTSTOEFLB1

cruel

Deliberately causing pain or suffering; merciless and harsh

TOEFLB1

cruelly

In a cruel, merciless manner

B2

cruelty

The quality of being cruel; indifference to or pleasure in causing suffering

B2

erudite

Having great learning and knowledge; a highly scholarly person

TOEFLGREC2

erudition

Deep and extensive knowledge gained through scholarship

C2

raw

Not cooked; unprocessed; tender from skin abrasion

NGSL 3kIELTSTOEFL

rawfood

Uncooked or unprocessed food; 生食

rawhide

Untanned animal hide; a leather whip

TOEFLC2

rawness

The state of being raw or unrefined; 生涩,原始状态

A2

rude

Lacking good manners; impolite or disrespectful

A1

rudely

In a rude or impolite manner

B1

rudeness

Impolite or disrespectful behaviour

A1

rudiment

A basic principle or skill; an undeveloped or vestigial form

C2

rudimental

Rudimentary; basic or undeveloped

C2

rudimentary

Basic and undeveloped; at the most elementary level

TOEFLGREC2

rural

Relating to the countryside, as opposed to cities

NGSL 2kIELTSTOEFL

rurality

The quality of being rural; a rural characteristic

B2

rustic

Relating to the countryside; simple and rough; a rural person

TOEFLGREB2