TOEFL Vocabulary

The process or result of making something impure or harmful

Taking something for one's own use; funds set aside for a purpose

A horse-drawn passenger vehicle; a railway car; one's posture or bearing

Slightly wet or damp

The quality of being connected to the matter at hand

To delay something to a later time

A recurring theme or pattern in art, music, or literature

Heated disagreement; a claim put forward in debate

A farm vehicle for pulling equipment; a truck cab for pulling trailers

A person who receives benefits or inheritance

Unable to act or defend oneself; powerless

A classical form of dance; a theatrical performance of such dancing

The speed of something in a given direction

A footpath or track; a course of action or biochemical process

To restore harmony after conflict; to make things consistent

The central part of a wheel; a center of activity or transport

Making or full of loud, unpleasant sounds

On the opposite side; actively resisting

To speak rudely to someone; a rude or offensive remark

To escort someone to their seat; a person who guides others to seats

Giving a false or incorrect impression, whether deliberately or not

Extreme violent anger or intensity

Happening naturally or on impulse, without planning

Thin and graceful; small in amount

A rapid increase in number or spread

To produce flowers; to flourish; a flower or state of flowering

The boundary or total length of the sides of a shape

A small informational or promotional booklet

The state of being near in space, time, or relationship

A leafy green vegetable commonly used in salads

A visible sign or expression of something abstract

To prepare for impact; to support or strengthen; a supporting device

A fragrant liquid or pleasant scent; to apply scent to something

A senior military officer ranking above lieutenant colonel

Identical or complementary in design; the process of pairing things together

To represent or stand for something as a symbol

A group of birds or animals; to gather in large numbers

An ongoing competitive relationship between rivals

A religious or moral speech; a lengthy lecture or rebuke

To purify a substance; to improve or perfect something

Liable to change rapidly; evaporating easily; unstable or explosive

An elongated round shape like an egg; having such a shape

Extremely thorough, strict, and precise

A barrier jumped over in a race; an obstacle to overcome

A small narrow boat pointed at both ends; to paddle such a boat

Strong and solidly built

To make or become wider or more extensive

Final and most authoritative; a limiting word in grammar