doctor
释义
A person qualified to practice medicine; a physician
医生;大夫
A person who holds the highest university degree (a doctorate)
博士(拥有博士学位的人)
To tamper with or alter something dishonestly, especially documents or evidence
篡改,做手脚(尤指文件或证据)
词根拆分
词根派生doct(来自 docēre「教」)+ -or(施动者)=「施教者」——博学的硕士。在中世纪大学里这是顶级学者的头衔,这层含义留在了 PhD(Doctor of Philosophy「哲学博士」)里。日常的「医生」义是后来的:doctor 是治病技艺上的「有学问者」。动词「doctor」(篡改)是比喻——偷偷地「治疗」「修补」某物,像庸医修补证据一样。
词根 doctor 还连着 7 个词为什么是这个意思
doctor 在学术义和医学义之间的分裂让很多学习者困惑。两者都来自一个意思——doctor 是「有学问的人」。PhD 保留了原义(能教人的硕学之士);医生义则是从「医学上有学问的人」缩窄而来。动词义(doctor the photos「修改照片」)是后来略带贬义的转折:偷偷把某物「治理」成虚假的状态。
常用搭配
- 1.see a doctor看医生
- 2.family doctor家庭医生
- 3.consult a doctor咨询医生
- 4.doctor's appointment看病预约
- 5.doctor doctored the evidence篡改证据
例句
- 1.
You should see a doctor if the pain doesn't go away in a few days.
如果疼痛几天内不消退,你应该去看医生。
- 2.
She earned her doctor's degree in chemistry after six years of research.
经过六年的研究,她拿到了化学博士学位。
- 3.
The official was accused of doctoring the financial records to hide the loss.
这名官员被指控篡改财务记录以掩盖亏损。
- 4.
The doctor told him to rest and drink plenty of fluids.
医生叫他多休息、多喝水。
易混词辨析
doctor vs physician vs surgeon —— doctor 是任何行医者的日常说法(也指博士)。physician 正式,专指内科医生(用药物治疗,非手术)。surgeon 是做手术的外科医生。美式英语里博士也称 Doctor,所以靠语境判断是哪种 doctor。