extinguish
UK/ɪkˈstɪŋgwɪʃ/US/ik'stiŋgwiʃ/
IELTSTOEFLGRE六级考研B1
释义
v.
To put out a fire or light.
熄灭，扑灭
v.
To bring something (a feeling, hope, or right) to an end.
消灭，使消失，压制
词根拆分
词根派生ex-（出）+ stinguere（刺、熄灭）=「刺出去」。那个戳牛的词根也带有「熄灭」义——而熄灭火焰就是把它扑灭。从字面的灭火义，这个词延伸到任何可以被「掐灭」的东西：希望、叛乱、一项法律权利。
词根 stinct 还连着 42 个词常用搭配
- 1.extinguish a fire扑灭火灾
- 2.extinguish the flames熄灭火焰
- 3.extinguish a cigarette掐灭香烟
- 4.extinguish hope熄灭希望
- 5.fully extinguish彻底扑灭
例句
- 1.
Firefighters worked through the night to extinguish the blaze.
消防员通宵奋战才扑灭了大火。
- 2.
Please extinguish all cigarettes before entering the building.
进入大楼前请熄灭所有香烟。
- 3.
Nothing could extinguish her hope of seeing her family again.
没有什么能熄灭她再见家人的希望。
易混词辨析
extinguish 和 distinguish 易混。仅差一字母，意思却无关。extinguish = 扑灭（ex- 「出」：extinguish a fire）。distinguish = 区分（dis- 「分开」：distinguish twins）。两者同根 stinguere，但前缀彻底改变了含义。火 → extinguish；差异 → distinguish。