penalty
UK/'pen(ə)ltɪ/US/'penәlti/
NGSL 3kIELTSTOEFLGRE六级考研B2
释义
n.
A punishment imposed for breaking a law, rule, or contract.
（违反法律、规则或合同的）处罚，罚则。
n.
A disadvantage suffered as a result of one's own action: the penalty of fame.
（因自身行为招致的）代价，弊端：成名的代价。
n.
In sports, a punishment for a foul, such as a free kick or shot (a penalty kick).
（体育中犯规的）判罚，点球。
词根拆分
词根派生pen（poena，刑罚）+ -al + -ty =「与惩罚相关之物」。这一支比 punish 更贴近 poena 的拼写。penalty 是为违规预先定好的代价——所以它横跨法律、合同与体育。
词根 pun 还连着 33 个词常用搭配
- 1.impose a penalty施以处罚
- 2.pay the penalty付出代价
- 3.death penalty死刑
- 4.penalty kick点球
- 5.harsh penalty严厉处罚
例句
- 1.
The penalty for late payment is a five percent surcharge.
逾期付款的罚则是加收百分之五的附加费。
- 2.
Loneliness can be the penalty of constant travel.
孤独，可能是常年奔波的代价。
- 3.
He scored from the penalty in the final minute.
他在最后一分钟通过点球破门。
易混词辨析
penalty 与 fine —— fine 一定是作为惩罚交的钱；penalty 更宽：可以是罚款，也可以是坐牢、扣分、体育判罚或任何内在弊端。所有 fine 都是 penalty，但并非所有 penalty 都是 fine。