restrain
释义
To hold someone or something back from acting; to keep under control by force.
制止，按住；强行控制。
To prevent oneself from doing or feeling something; to keep within limits.
抑制，克制（自己）。
词根拆分
词根派生re-（往回）+ strain（拉紧）= 把某人往回拉、按住。画面是字面的——抓住一个挣扎的人——再延伸到内在版本：restrain yourself = 在冲动脱缰之前勒住自己。
词根 strain 还连着 57 个词使用指南
- restrain someone/something（及物）：警卫制止了抗议者。
- restrain oneself：固定的反身用法，表自控。
- restrain from doing：她忍不住笑了出来。
注意：restrain 是动词；名词是 restraint（没有 "a restrain" 这种说法）。
例句
- 1.
Two officers had to restrain the angry man.
两名警官不得不按住这名愤怒的男子。
- 2.
She could hardly restrain her excitement.
她几乎抑制不住自己的兴奋。
- 3.
He restrained himself from saying what he really thought.
他忍住了没把真实想法说出来。
易混词辨析
restrain 与 restrict — restrain 按住的是人或冲动（restrain the dog、restrain your anger）；restrict 收紧的是活动、数量或范围的限制（restrict access、restrict spending）。按住某人 → restrain；收窄允许的范围 → restrict。