TOEFL Vocabulary

A short oar for propelling a boat; to propel with a paddle

Very strict and demanding

A basic unit of spoken language containing a vowel sound

The state of lacking necessities; the act of taking something away

A sedimentary rock composed mainly of calcium carbonate

Wide in scope; open and talkative in manner

To make lively and full of energy; to supply with power

To poke or jab; to urge into action; a pointed instrument for goading

To contaminate with harmful substances; to corrupt

Lacking physical coordination or grace; not skillful or tactful; awkward to use or handle

A series of wound loops; to wind into loops

To reach a conclusion by reasoning from evidence

The expression of grief after a death; clothes worn as a sign of grief

By instinct, without conscious thought

A sacred religious text, especially the Bible

A political philosophy favouring tradition and opposing rapid change

Done openly and not hidden or secret

An exact copy; to make a copy or repeat something

A pathogenic microorganism; the earliest stage of an organism; the origin of an idea

A natural liking or attraction; a close similarity or connection

To buy back; to exchange for goods; to compensate for faults

Foolishness or reckless behaviour; a purely ornamental building

To wander away; a lost animal; wandering or misplaced

An exact or very close copy of something

To cleverly escape or avoid; to be beyond someone's understanding

A representative group; possible but dependent on uncertain conditions

To lie or spread out in a disorderly way; haphazard urban expansion

Bold and willing to take risks; boldness

To flow over the edge of a container; excess that spills over

Extremely bad, unpleasant, or frightening

Grace and refinement in appearance or style; clever simplicity

Of the greatest importance; supreme

A porous material used for washing; to clean with a sponge; to live off others

To cause or give rise to a feeling or situation

A skilled craftsperson who makes things by hand

Extremely tall or high; impressively dominant or intense

A long formal research paper for an advanced academic degree

The set of specialized words used in a particular field

A loud shrill cry; to scream shrilly

Not allowing light to pass through; unclear or hard to understand

A threat or source of danger; to threaten or intimidate

Unable to feel physically or emotionally; to cause loss of sensation

To lose strength or hesitate; to speak or move unsteadily

A feeling of great surprise and wonder

A plant with beautiful, unusually shaped flowers; light purple colour

Of the nature of a miracle; extremely surprising and wonderful

To cause someone to feel deeply ashamed or lose self-respect

Relating to or caused by gravity