TOEFL 頻出英単語

The process of turning organic matter into stone; the state of being petrified

石化；化石化

Observable events or occurrences perceptible through the senses

現象（phenomenonの複数形）

The practice of stealing small items; petty theft

こそ泥、くすねること

Speaking in a direct and frank manner

率直な、遠慮なく言う

A small pool or puddle; to splash

水たまり；ぱちゃぱちゃはねる

Resembling a plate; flat and broad

板状の

Full of clichés or overused remarks

陳腐な、平凡な

To talk foolishly at length; idle, meaningless talk

べらべらしゃべる；むだ話

A course of action or event; legal action; published conference papers

行動、進行；訴訟手続き；会議録

To suspend a parliamentary session without dissolving it

（議会を）停会する

To compose or arrange again; to restore calm

作り直す、再構成する；落ち着きを取り戻させる

Suitable for or capable of being rented

賃貸できる、借りられる

To adjust or redirect one's position or focus

方向を変える、方針を転換する

Repayment or recompense; retaliation in kind

返礼、報い；仕返し

The remains of a destroyed or decayed building

廃墟、遺跡

Deep wisdom and sound judgment

知恵、賢明さ

Money saved or set aside for future use

貯金、預金

To harm or injure; damage or hurt

傷つける、害する；損傷

Plural of seaman; sailors

船員たち、水夫たち（seamanの複数形）

A hormone secreted by the duodenum that regulates intestinal acidity

セクレチン（消化管ホルモン）

Able to provide for oneself without depending on others

自給自足の；自立した

Moderately dry, with little but not minimal rainfall

半乾燥の

Only partially able to read and write

読み書きが十分でない；半文盲の人

Partly melted

半ば溶けた、半溶融の

Designed for short distances or the near future

短距離の、射程の短い；短期の

Plural of spectrum; ranges of electromagnetic radiation or ordered components

スペクトル（spectrumの複数形）

Having spines or sharp projections

とげのある；脊椎のある

A photograph that creates a three-dimensional effect

立体写真

Plural of stimulus: external factors that trigger a response

刺激（stimulusの複数形）

Layers of rock or soil; levels of society

地層；（社会の）階層（stratumの複数形）

Stringed instruments in an orchestra; hidden conditions

弦楽器（部）；付帯条件

A specialized branch of a broader field of study

（学問の）下位分野

To push under something else; to remove or deduct

（プレートが）沈み込む

Caused to undergo or experience something, especially something unpleasant

（～を）受けた、さらされた

To heat beyond the normal boiling or saturation point; excess heat in a vapour

過熱する；過熱（度）

A strap for holding up trousers or stockings

ズボンつり、サスペンダー；靴下留め

Methods or plans used to achieve a goal, especially in military or competitive contexts

戦術、作戦、駆け引き

The ages from thirteen to nineteen; the teenage years

10代（13〜19歳）

A person who works remotely using a computer

在宅勤務者、テレワーカー

A thousand times as great or as many

千倍の；千倍に

Very thin and long, resembling a thread

糸状の、糸のように細い

Having height, width, and depth; lifelike

三次元の、立体的な；真に迫った

Taking up a large amount of time

時間のかかる

Tin-coated steel sheet used for making cans

ブリキ

Having a specified number or type of toes

（…の）足指のある

To damage someone's reputation with false, malicious statements

中傷する、そしる

Swollen or enlarged; pompous in style

腫れた；（文体が）誇張した

The science and technology of ultrasound

超音波学