托福词汇

To come before in time, order, or rank

在…之前，先于；领先

A three-sided polygon; a triangular percussion instrument

三角形；三角铁

A piece of armour for protection; to protect from harm

盾牌；防护物；保护，庇护

A strong ambition or desire to achieve something

抱负；志向；强烈愿望

Providing or obtaining funds for a business or project

融资，筹资

Having a tendency or preference; slanted at an angle

有倾向的，想要的；倾斜的

A replacement for someone or something; to use in place of another

替代品；替代者；替代

The act of overseeing and directing others' work

监督，管理

A silvery-white metallic chemical element (Ca) essential for bones and teeth

钙（化学元素）

A woven or manufactured fabric; relating to cloth-making

纺织品；织物；纺织的

A past event used as a guide for future situations; occurring before

先例，前例；在先的，在前的

Lasting or existing forever; without end

永恒的，永久的

A formal criminal charge; a strong condemnation

起诉书；正式控告；强烈谴责

A crash between two or more objects; a conflict

碰撞，撞击；冲突

To confirm or prove the truth or accuracy of something

证实，核实，查证

To include within a scope; to surround completely

包含，涵盖；围绕

A group of families with a common ancestor; a close-knit group

氏族；宗族；家族集团

The conduct of international relations; tact in dealing with people

外交；外交手腕；处世技巧

A small dissenting group within a larger organization

派系，小集团

Extremely large in size or extent

巨大的，广阔的，无边无际的

Playing a key role in achieving something; a piece of music without vocals

起重要作用的；器乐曲

Having no practical use or benefit; ineffective

无用的，无效的

The process of producing offspring; making or being a copy

繁殖；生殖；复制；复制品

The hard outer layer of bread or food; any hard outer surface

面包皮；硬外壳，地壳

A sudden intake of breath from shock; to breathe in suddenly or with difficulty

倒吸一口气；喘气，喘息

A period of one thousand years; a thousandth anniversary

千年，千禧年

Not awake or aware; done without intention; the unconscious mind

失去知觉的；无意识的；潜意识

Closeness and openness between people; a close personal relationship

亲密；亲密关系

To redirect to a different course; to distract or entertain

使转向；转移注意力；娱乐

Showing careful thought; considerate of others

深思熟虑的；体贴的

A climbing or creeping plant; grapevine

藤本植物，葡萄藤

Greatly surprised and disturbed by something unexpected

震惊的，感到愕然的

A system of methods used in a particular field; the study of such methods

方法论，研究方法

Not taking action; accepting without resistance; the grammatical passive voice

消极的，被动的；（语法）被动语态

A shocking or offensive act; strong indignation; to cause moral shock or anger

暴行；强烈愤慨；激怒

Exclusive control of a market or resource by one party

垄断；专卖权；独占

A strong feeling of affection; something attached to something else

依恋，爱慕；附件，附属物

To officially call someone to appear; to gather or muster courage or strength

召唤，传唤；鼓起勇气

Not required; left to personal choice

可选择的，非强制的

To hang or swing loosely

悬挂摇晃，使悬垂

A variety of animal or plant; to reproduce or raise animals

品种；繁殖，饲养

A safe or peaceful place; a sheltered harbour

避难所，安全之地；港湾

The ability to move or be moved freely

流动性；机动性；行动能力

A sudden sharp movement; to move with a sharp tug; an obnoxious person

猛拉；急推；讨厌的人

Rivalling or conflicting with each other

相互竞争的；相互矛盾的

To cry and shed tears from emotion; a bout of crying

哭泣，流泪；一阵哭泣

An oxide containing two oxygen atoms per molecule

二氧化物

To state or confirm something positively; to support or uphold

断言，确认；肯定