Academic Word List (AWL)

Only; single and exclusive; the bottom of a foot or shoe

A product or raw material bought and sold in trade

To carry people or goods from place to place; a system or vehicle for doing so

A period of time or space between two events or points

Large size or volume; the greater part of something; large in quantity

Done freely by choice, without being forced; working without payment

Logically sound; legally acceptable; well-founded

A sphere; the Earth; a spherical model of the Earth

Clearly and directly expressed; leaving nothing implied

To send or pass something from one person or place to another

To organize activities to work together; a number indicating position in space

The movement of people or goods; a public transportation system

To state something clearly and in detail

A school for higher or specialized learning; a society promoting arts or sciences

A brief statement of main points; concise and done without full procedure

Existing as a natural and permanent part of something

Done by hand rather than machine; a handbook of instructions

In or to a foreign country across the sea

To pull or draw out; a concentrated substance or quoted passage

To examine carefully or officially

To pay or reward someone; to make up for something negative

To make something clearer or easier to understand

To gather or increase gradually in quantity

To step in and become involved in order to change or prevent something

Fully grown or developed; to become ripe or complete

Something added to improve or complete; to add to something

A model or pattern; a conceptual framework for a field of study

A system of ranking people or things by authority or importance

To persuade someone to do something; to cause or bring about

To live in a place permanently or for a long time

Based on observation or experiment rather than theory

To gather information from various sources; to translate source code into machine code

To achieve or reach a goal through effort

To restrict within limits; a boundary or border

A variable or factor that defines or limits a system or experiment

To call upon for help; to cite as authority or justification

To be similar or equivalent to something; to exchange letters regularly

The length of time something lasts

A person who takes over a role or title from another

Stiff and unable to bend; inflexible in opinions or rules

Opposite in nature; the exact opposite; in opposition

To come before in time, order, or rank

A replacement for someone or something; to use in place of another

Not taking action; accepting without resistance; the grammatical passive voice

To suppose something is true without proof; to act without permission

To review and improve written material; to study again for an exam

Extending in the same direction at equal distance; a corresponding similarity

The rate or frequency of occurrence of something