TOEFL 頻出英単語

A religious sermon or moralizing lecture

説教；お説教

The act of enlarging or increasing signal strength

拡大、増幅

A chemical that transmits nerve signals between neurons across a synapse

神経伝達物質

To cause hostility or opposition in someone

敵に回す、反感を買う

A force or weight that offsets another; to balance an opposing force

釣り合いおもり；釣り合わせる、相殺する

A precursor or harbinger of something to come

先駆者、先駆け；前触れ

Linked or fitted closely together; a railway signal safety system

かみ合った、連動した；連動装置

Having no flavor; lacking good taste or refinement

味のない；悪趣味な、下品な

A formal speech of praise, especially delivered at a funeral

賛辞；弔辞

To make oneself or others well acquainted with something

慣れさせる、なじませる

Relating to exponents; increasing at a very rapid rate

指数の；急激な

The process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy

光合成

Excessive pride in oneself; an elaborate literary metaphor

うぬぼれ、自負；奇抜な比喩

A strong feeling of dislike or aversion

反感、嫌悪

To give pleasure or satisfaction; to fulfill a desire

満足させる、喜ばせる；（欲求を）満たす

The property of attracting iron; personal charm

磁気、磁性；人を引きつける魅力

A small short-handled axe used with one hand

手斧

Narrow-minded or isolated; relating to an island

島国根性の、偏狭な；島の

Unable to produce offspring or crops; not fertile

不妊の；不毛の、やせた

To adjust or adapt again

再調整する；再び順応する

To isolate or set apart; to seize property by legal authority

隔離する；（財産を）差し押さえる

A stinging wild plant; to irritate or annoy

イラクサ；いらだたせる

A pouch-like structure in a plant or animal containing fluid

（動植物の）嚢（のう）、袋状の器官

Tending to prevent or discourage, especially due to excessive cost

禁止の；（値段が）法外に高い

The ability to make quick, accurate judgments; keen insight

鋭い洞察力、眼識

The state of being drunk or drugged; extreme excitement

酔い、中毒；陶酔、興奮

Feeling sad and longing for home while away

ホームシックの、故郷を恋しがる

A flat area beside a river prone to flooding

氾濫原

The principle of rejecting violence and using peaceful means

非暴力（主義）

To feel smug pleasure, especially at another's misfortune

ほくそ笑む、（他人の不幸を）いい気味だと思う

A loud confused commotion or uproar; violent disorder

騒動、喧騒、混乱

A distinctive personal habit; an affected or exaggerated style

（独特の）癖；マンネリズム、型にはまった表現

The study of chemical processes in living organisms

生化学

Property or money left to someone in a will

遺贈、遺産

To damage someone's reputation or purity; to soil or stain

（名声などを）汚す、傷つける；汚す

Moving in a slow, clumsy manner; the business of felling trees for timber

のろのろした、ぎこちない；製材業、伐採業

Moral or cultural decline; excessive self-indulgence

退廃、堕落

A violent rotating windstorm; a tropical storm.

サイクロン、暴風

Truthfulness; the quality of being accurate and honest

真実性、正直さ

The state of being impure; a contaminating substance

不純物；不純

A substance that prevents infection; relating to preventing microbial growth

消毒剤；消毒の、防腐の

To disprove or counter an argument with evidence

反論する、論駁する

Slim, flexible, and graceful in movement

しなやかな、柔軟な

A serious split within a group or church

（団体・教会の）分裂、分派

Meekly obedient and yielding to others' authority

従順な、服従的な

A person who searches for mineral deposits

探鉱者、試掘者

A pupil living at school; a person paying for room and board

寄宿生；下宿人

The act of adding something to make up for a deficiency

補足、補充