TOEFL 頻出英単語

To pronounce words clearly; to state something clearly

はっきり発音する；明確に述べる

Offspring or descendants as a group

子孫、子供たち

To stun or confuse; a state of confusion or disorientation

ぼうっとさせる；ぼうっとした状態

Rough with small waves; lacking smooth continuity

波立った、荒れた；途切れがちな

The uppermost, most fertile layer of soil

表土

Controlled distribution of scarce resources

配給制、割り当て

Showing good judgment and sound thinking

賢明な、分別のある

Relating to a mutually beneficial relationship

共生の、共生的な

Showing no mercy; cruel and pitiless

無慈悲な、容赦ない

A very large New World vulture found in the Andes or California

コンドル

Using satire or irony to mock or criticize

風刺的な、皮肉な

On fire or brightly lit; filled with excitement

燃え上がって；明るく輝いて；興奮して

A word with the same or nearly the same meaning as another

同義語、類義語

Extremely steep; done with excessive haste or rashness

険しい、切り立った；性急な

Learning by mechanical repetition without understanding

丸暗記、機械的な繰り返し

To demolish completely to the ground

（建物・町を）完全に破壊する、取り壊す

A small wind instrument played by blowing through holes

ハーモニカ

To restrict or limit; to draw a boundary around

制限する；周りに境界線を引く

A person who lives alone, away from society; a recluse

隠者、世捨て人

A one-yard measuring rod; a standard for comparison

ヤード尺；基準、尺度

A sauce or seasoning used to enhance the flavor of food

調味料、薬味

To arrange for a different time; to change the schedule

予定を変更する、日程を組み直す

Reluctant or unwilling to do something

気が進まない、〜したくない

Illuminated by sunlight

日の当たる、日に照らされた

To urge or drive someone to act; to propel forward

駆り立てる、促す；推進する

Open to argument; not certain or fully proved

議論の余地のある、疑わしい

In a complex and detailed way

複雑に；精巧に

To the greatest or highest possible degree; extremely

この上なく、極めて

In a fair and morally right manner

公正に、正当に

Having sharp judgment and perception; perceptive

洞察力のある、目の肥えた

A sharp-bladed tool for cutting stone, wood, or metal; to cut with such a tool

のみ、たがね；彫る、刻む

Lasting forever or for a very long time; eternal

永遠の、不朽の

The practice of eating the flesh of one's own species

人肉を食べる風習；共食い

Medieval proto-science of transforming metals; any mysterious transformation

錬金術；不思議な変化の力

To repeatedly attack or harass; to plunder or ravage

繰り返し攻撃する、悩ます；略奪する

Feeling sleepy; causing sleepiness

眠い；眠気を誘う

To irritate or frustrate someone intensely; to make very angry

ひどく怒らせる、いらだたせる

To free someone from blame, guilt, or obligation

（責任・罪から）解放する、免除する

A student studying beyond a first degree; relating to such studies

大学院生；大学院の

Brave and noble; politely attentive to women

勇敢な、雄々しい；（女性に）親切な

Polite and appropriate social behavior

礼儀正しさ、礼節

A petty noisy quarrel; to argue over trivial matters

（つまらない）口げんか；口論する

Without equal or match; peerless

比類のない；釣り合わない

To spread gradually through or over something, as light, colour, or liquid

（光・色・液体などが）一面に広がる、満たす

To slow down or delay progress; a delay

遅らせる、妨げる

Thoughtful and attentive to the needs and feelings of others

思いやりのある、気配りのできる

Rigid; unwilling or unable to change

曲がらない；融通の利かない、頑固な

Great suffering or hardship; a trying experience

苦難、試練