TOEFL 頻出英単語

To divide something into smaller parts

細分する

Filled with shock or horror

ぎょっとした、仰天した

An antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections

ペニシリン

Eager to learn or know; curious, sometimes excessively so

好奇心の強い、詮索好きな

A pole used to walk above the ground; a tall supporting post

竹馬；支柱

A dark underground prison, typically beneath a castle

地下牢

Pleasantly mild and warm; soothing and fragrant

穏やかで暖かい、さわやかな；香りのよい

A glue-like substance; sticky

接着剤；粘着性の

A person who advocates abolishing a practice, especially slavery

廃止論者；奴隷制度廃止論者

Sociable and enjoying others' company; living in groups

社交的な、人付き合いのよい；群居性の

Deep hostility or hatred between people

敵意、憎しみ

A substance that prevents decay; tending to preserve

防腐剤、保存料；保存力のある

A watch worn on the wrist

腕時計

Able to be reversed or undone; (of clothing) wearable inside out

元に戻せる、可逆的な；（衣服が）リバーシブルの

To extort someone using threats; the act of such extortion

ゆすり、恐喝；ゆする、脅迫する

Covered with clouds; dark and cloudy

曇った、どんよりした

Mental strength and courage in the face of adversity

不屈の精神、忍耐力

A small seed-eating songbird with a conical beak

フィンチ、アトリ科の小鳥

In a natural or organic manner; as an integral part of a whole

有機的に；自然に

To descend from a vehicle; on fire or lit up

（乗り物から）降りる；燃えて、輝いて

To cheat someone out of money or property

だまし取る、詐取する

To sew loosely with temporary stitches; to pour fat over meat while roasting

仮縫いする；焼き汁をかける

An authoritative saying or principle; a judge's incidental opinion

格言、権威ある意見；（判決の）傍論

Refined and elegant in manner, as befitting a royal court

上品な、優雅な、宮廷風の

To survive on minimal resources; to exist

（どうにか）生計を立てる；存続する

A fake imitation; to fraudulently copy something; not genuine

偽造品；偽造する；偽の

A deep blue precious gemstone; deep blue in colour

サファイア；るり色（の）

A tooth on a gear; a minor but necessary part of a system

歯車の歯；（組織の）歯車、末端の一員

To remove water from something or lose body fluids

脱水する、水分を抜く；脱水症状になる

Having sharp points or spines

とげだらけの、とがった

In an early stage; just beginning to develop

初期の、始まりかけの

To praise highly; to raise in rank or status

ほめたたえる；昇進させる、高める

A member of an alliance or an accomplice; to unite in a league

同盟者；共犯者；同盟を結ぶ

To annoy or bother someone persistently

しつこく悩ませる、せがむ

To criticize sharply; a stern reprimand

叱責する；叱責、非難

Farthest inside; most private or deeply felt

最も奥の；心の奥底の

The act of gathering things together into a whole

集合、集積；集合体

Unpredictable and impulsive in behavior

気まぐれな、移り気な

To belittle or speak disrespectfully of someone or something

けなす、軽視する

Not discouraged by difficulty; resolutely courageous

ひるまない、不屈の

Friendly, cheerful, and good-natured

愛想のよい、温和な

A bag carried on the back for supplies; to go hiking with a backpack

ナップサック、リュック

Able to be understood; expressed clearly

理解できる、わかりやすい

Unverified information heard from others; inadmissible second-hand evidence

うわさ、伝聞；伝聞証拠

Extremely stupid or foolish

ばかげた、愚かな

To reorganize or reequip for improvement

設備を一新する；改革する、再編する

A metal restraint for wrists or ankles; to restrain or restrict

手かせ、足かせ；束縛；束縛する

In a frugal or restrained manner; using only a small amount

控えめに、節約して