TOEFL 頻出英単語

To beat or throb rhythmically

脈打つ、鼓動する

Recklessly wasteful or extravagant; a spendthrift

浪費する、放蕩な；浪費家、放蕩者

The smallest possible amount; an iota

ごくわずか、みじん

To prove or confirm something is genuine or valid

本物だと証明する；認証する

Strong disagreement or conflict within a group

意見の対立、不和

To disrupt order and reduce to chaos

混乱させる、秩序を乱す

Unpleasant or displeasing to the senses or feelings

不愉快な、いやな

Showing signs of future success; favorable

幸先のよい、縁起のよい

In a very careful and conscientious manner

きちょうめんに、細心の注意を払って

A toll road or expressway; historically a toll gate across a road

有料高速道路；（昔の）通行料取立所

A nut-bearing shrub; a greenish-brown colour

ハシバミ；薄茶色

Cheerful and full of good humor

陽気な、愛想のよい

To mock or taunt; a contemptuous remark

あざける、やじる；あざけり、やじ

A direct ancestor or originator

祖先、先祖；創始者

Rushing or increasing suddenly and powerfully

押し寄せる；急増する

To father a child; to cause or produce something

子をもうける；生じさせる

The spouse of a monarch; to associate or keep company with someone

（君主の）配偶者；交際する、付き合う

Having a beneficial or improving effect; wholesome

有益な、ためになる

Done without any help or assistance

助けを借りない、独力の

A shortened form of a word or phrase

略語、省略形

A hanging spike of ice formed by freezing dripping water

つらら

To criticize or punish someone severely

厳しく非難する、懲らしめる

The state of being famous and highly respected; a distinguished person

高名、名声；著名人

To dig up a buried body; to bring something hidden to light

（遺体を）掘り出す；明るみに出す

An arthropod with a hard shell, such as a crab, lobster, or shrimp

甲殻類

Equipped with or operated by machinery

機械化された

A horse-drawn coach running regularly between towns to carry passengers and mail

駅馬車

An agent, often an insect, that transfers pollen between flowers

送粉者、花粉媒介者

Hard, tedious, and unpleasant work

骨の折れる単調な仕事

Showing respectful deference to others

敬意を表する、うやうやしい

A deep crack or fissure, especially in a glacier

クレバス（氷河の深い割れ目）

Straw or reeds used to cover roofs; to cover a roof with such material

（屋根の）わら、かや；わらでふく

A person who lives in the suburbs

郊外居住者

A strong fortress above a city; a secure stronghold

城塞、要塞；拠点

Restricting freedom of movement or action

窮屈な、束縛する

Deserving blame for wrongdoing; guilty

責められるべき、有罪の

A sign or warning of a future event; to predict or foretell

前兆；予示する

Curved inward like the inside of a bowl

凹面の、へこんだ

To refuse to acknowledge or renounce a connection with someone

縁を切る、関係を否認する

A person who diets to lose weight

ダイエットしている人

Certainly; without doubt

確かに、間違いなく

Not appropriate or proper by social standards; indecorous

見苦しい、不作法な、不適切な

The passing of genetic traits from parents to offspring

遺伝；遺伝形質

Relevant and appropriate to the topic being discussed

（話題に）関係のある、適切な

An overused, unoriginal remark that sounds meaningful; a cliché

決まり文句、陳腐な言葉

Friendly and enjoying the company of others; an informal social gathering

社交的な、人づきあいのよい；懇親会

The land along the edge of a sea or ocean

海岸、海辺

Relating to the skull or cranium

頭蓋の