アカデミック・ワード・リスト（AWL）

a distinctive characteristic; to include as a main element

特徴；機能；呼び物にする

to explain the meaning of something

定義する；明確にする

A basic part of a whole; a chemical element; a hint of a quality

要素；元素；気味

Social rank or position; the current condition of something

地位、身分；状態、状況

The ability to see; something imagined or dreamed; a plan for the future

視力；幻、想像；展望、ビジョン

conforming to a standard; typical; not abnormal

普通の、標準の；正常な

An investigation collecting information; to examine carefully; land measurement

調査；測量；見渡す、調べる

A custom or practice passed down through generations

伝統、慣習

latent ability that may develop; possible but not yet real

可能性、潜在能力；潜在的な

To draw together or nearer; to shorten, narrow, or lessen; An agreement between two or more parties, to perform a specific job or work order, often temporary or of fixed duration and usually governed by a written agreement; Contracted; affianced; betrothed

契約；契約する；収縮する

coming before; earlier in time or order

前の、以前の

a goal or mark aimed at; to direct effort toward

目標、標的；狙う

Written words or a passage; to send a text message

本文、文章；メッセージを送る

A machine for transporting people or goods; a means of expression

乗り物、車両；手段、媒体

To come into view or become known; to come out of something

現れる；明らかになる

To give or add something to a larger effort or cause

貢献する、寄付する；一因となる

To raise to a higher rank; to support or advertise something

昇進させる；促進する；宣伝する

A method or skill used to accomplish something

技術、技法、手法

A fundamental belief or rule that guides behavior or reasoning

原理、原則；主義

To continue to live or exist after hardship or danger

生き残る、生き延びる

A particular feature or element of something

側面、面；観点

Happening once every year; a yearly publication

毎年の、年1回の；年報

To make remarks or notes; to express a view regarding; A spoken or written remark

論評、意見；コメントする

To show how something works; to prove; to protest publicly

実演する；証明する；デモをする

a written record; to record information

文書、書類；記録する

To carry out an act; to pledge oneself to something

（罪を）犯す；約束する、打ち込む；委ねる

To declare something untrue; to refuse to grant something

否定する；拒む

A point of view or outlook; the technique of depicting depth on a flat surface

観点、見方；遠近法

A level of quality or rank; a score for academic work; to assign marks

等級；成績、評点；採点する

The circumstances or background that clarify meaning

文脈、前後関係；背景

Having knowledge or consciousness of something; alert to what is happening

気づいて、知って；意識の高い

the purpose of something; to work as intended

機能、働き；機能する

A group of things sharing common characteristics; a class or division

部類、カテゴリー、範疇

To touch; to come into physical contact with; The act of touching physically; being in close association

接触、連絡；接触する、連絡する

To take part or become involved in an activity

参加する

A sticky strip of material; a recording; to fasten with tape or record

テープ；録音；テープで貼る

Suitable for a particular situation; to set aside for a specific purpose

適切な；（資金を）充当する

Most important or fundamental; a preliminary political election

主要な、第一の；予備選挙

A piece of equipment made for a particular purpose; a scheme or technique

装置、機器；工夫、手段

A person one works with in the same organization or profession

同僚

Relating to the home or family; relating to internal national affairs

家庭の；国内の

To make or become larger; to develop or elaborate

拡大する、広げる；詳しく述べる

Relating to a corporation or large business (adj.)

企業の、法人の

Relating to the mind or intellect; relating to psychiatric conditions

精神の、心の；知的な

To get or acquire something through effort

得る、手に入れる

Made up of many parts; difficult to understand; a group of related buildings

複雑な；複合施設；コンプレックス

A flat section of a surface; a group gathered to discuss or judge

羽目板、パネル；委員会、討論者団

To say in advance that something will happen; to forecast

予測する、予言する