アカデミック・ワード・リスト（AWL）

Only; single and exclusive; the bottom of a foot or shoe

唯一の、単独の；足の裏、靴底

A product or raw material bought and sold in trade

商品、産物

To carry people or goods from place to place; a system or vehicle for doing so

輸送する；運ぶ；輸送機関

A period of time or space between two events or points

間隔；合間、休憩

Large size or volume; the greater part of something; large in quantity

大きさ、容積；大部分；大量の

Done freely by choice, without being forced; working without payment

自発的な、任意の；無償の

Logically sound; legally acceptable; well-founded

妥当な、根拠のある；有効な

A sphere; the Earth; a spherical model of the Earth

球；地球；地球儀

Clearly and directly expressed; leaving nothing implied

明確な、はっきりした

To send or pass something from one person or place to another

送信する；伝える；伝染させる

To organize activities to work together; a number indicating position in space

調整する、まとめる；座標

The movement of people or goods; a public transportation system

輸送；通過；公共交通機関

To state something clearly and in detail

明確に述べる、指定する

A school for higher or specialized learning; a society promoting arts or sciences

学院、専門学校；学士院、協会

A brief statement of main points; concise and done without full procedure

要約、概要；略式の

Existing as a natural and permanent part of something

本来備わっている、固有の

Done by hand rather than machine; a handbook of instructions

手動の、手作業の；説明書、マニュアル

In or to a foreign country across the sea

海外の；海外へ、海外で

To pull or draw out; a concentrated substance or quoted passage

抽出する、取り出す；抽出物；抜粋

To examine carefully or officially

検査する、点検する；視察する

To pay or reward someone; to make up for something negative

補償する、償う；埋め合わせる；報酬を払う

To make something clearer or easier to understand

明らかにする、はっきりさせる

To gather or increase gradually in quantity

蓄積する、たまる、積み重ねる

To step in and become involved in order to change or prevent something

介入する、干渉する；仲裁する

Fully grown or developed; to become ripe or complete

成熟した、大人の；成熟する

Something added to improve or complete; to add to something

補足、補遺；サプリメント；補う

A model or pattern; a conceptual framework for a field of study

模範、典型；パラダイム

A system of ranking people or things by authority or importance

階層制、ヒエラルキー

To persuade someone to do something; to cause or bring about

説得して〜させる；引き起こす、誘発する

To live in a place permanently or for a long time

住む、居住する；（性質などが）存在する

Based on observation or experiment rather than theory

経験的な、実証的な

To gather information from various sources; to translate source code into machine code

編集する、まとめる；コンパイルする

To achieve or reach a goal through effort

達成する、獲得する、到達する

To restrict within limits; a boundary or border

閉じ込める、限定する；境界、範囲

A variable or factor that defines or limits a system or experiment

パラメーター、媒介変数；限定要素、条件

To call upon for help; to cite as authority or justification

（神に）祈る；引き合いに出す、発動する

To be similar or equivalent to something; to exchange letters regularly

一致する、相当する；文通する

The length of time something lasts

継続期間、持続時間

A person who takes over a role or title from another

後継者、後任

Stiff and unable to bend; inflexible in opinions or rules

硬い、曲がらない；厳格な、融通の利かない

Opposite in nature; the exact opposite; in opposition

反対の、逆の；反対、逆

To come before in time, order, or rank

先行する、〜より先に起こる；上位にある

A replacement for someone or something; to use in place of another

代わりの人（物）、代用品；代わりに使う

Not taking action; accepting without resistance; the grammatical passive voice

受け身の、消極的な；受動態

To suppose something is true without proof; to act without permission

推定する、思う；あえて〜する

To review and improve written material; to study again for an exam

改訂する、修正する；復習する

Extending in the same direction at equal distance; a corresponding similarity

平行な；類似した；平行線；類似点

The rate or frequency of occurrence of something

発生率、発生頻度